Journal Search Engine

ISSN : 1229-3857(Print)
ISSN : 2288-131X(Online)

Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology Vol.30 No.3 pp.369-375
DOI : https://doi.org/10.13047/KJEE.2016.30.3.369

Fish Fauna in the Bolaven Plateau and Trophic Polymorphism of Poropuntius bolovenensis in Laos1a

Dong-Won Kang^2,3, Payou THAMAVONGSENG⁴, Hak Young Lee⁵, Seung-Ho Choi⁶*

²School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
³Division of Ecological Survey Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon 33657, Korea
⁴Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Company Limited, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
⁵Department of Biological Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
⁶Korean Association for Conservation of Freshwater Fish, Seoul 06150, Korea

a 본 논문은 정부(환경부)의 재원으로 국립생물자원관의 지원을 받아 수행하였습니다(NIBR201504201).

Corresponding author: Tel: +82-2-554-5154, choifish@hanmail.net

Received May 4, 2016 Review June 7, 2016 Accepted June 8, 2016

Abstract

This survey was conducted during March to April 2014 in the main stream and tributaries of Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy in order to investigate fish fauna in the Bolaven Plateau. Fish belonging to twenty eight species and eight families were collected from the main stream and tributaries of Xe Namnoy and Xe Pian during the survey period. Among them, Devario salmonatus, Poropuntius bolovenensis, Annamia sp., Sewellia elongata, Schistura bolavenensis, Schistura sp.1, Schistura sp.2, Schistura sp.3, Schistura sp.4, and Macronathus sp. were endemic species in the Bolaven Plateau, indicating a high prevalence rate of endemic species (35.7%) in the area. Meanwhile, Kottelat (2000, 2013) has been reported that four species of Poropuntius inhabit the Bolaven Plateau. However, the major morphic characteristics of Poropuntius species found in the Bolaven Plateau were mostly overlapped, except for the shape of their mouth. The young fish of Poropuntius (> 70 mm SL) have only generalized mouth while the of adult fish the shape of their mouth have two phenotype (narrow and broad). Therefore, it is assumed that Poropuntius species in the Bolaven Plateau has trophic polymorphism as the same species exhibits two different mouth shapes.

Key Words : XE PIAN , XE NAMNOY , Poropuntius , ENDEMIC SPECIES

라오스볼라벤고원의어류상과 Poropuntius bolovenensis의 섭식기구다형성1a

강 동원^2,3, Payou THAMAVONGSENG⁴, 이 학영⁵, 최 승호⁶*

²전남대학교 생물과학·생명기술학과
³국립생태원 생태조사연구실
⁴Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Company Limited, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
⁵전남대학교 생물학과
⁶(사)한국민물고기보존협회

초록

2014년 3월부터 4월까지 라오스 볼라벤 고원의 Xe Pian과 Xe Namnoy의 본류 및 지류 하천에서 어류상을 조사한 결과 총 8과 28종의 어류가 확인되었다. 채집된 어류 중 Devario salmonatus, Poropuntius bolovenensis, Annamia sp., Sewellia elongata, Schistura bolavenensis, Schistura sp.1, Schistura sp.2, Schistura sp.3, Schistura sp.4, Macronathus sp. 등 10종은 볼라벤 고원의 고유종으로 본 지역은 35.7%의 높은 고유화 빈도를 나타냈다. 한편 볼라벤 고원 내에 4종의 Poropuntius속 어류가 서식한다고 알려져 있으나(Kottelat, 2000, 2013) 본 조사에서 입 모양을 제외한 주요 계수형질이 4종 모두 중복되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 미성어(>70mm)는 일반적인 입 모양(narrow)을 가졌으나, 성어의 입 모양은 2가지 유형(narrow/broad)으로 나타나 성장하면서 입 모양이 변화하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구를 통해 볼라벤 고원에 서식하는 Poropuntius속 어류는 Poropuntius bolovenensis 1종이며, 본 종은 다양한 입 모양을 가지는 섭식기구의 다형성(Trophic polymorphism)이 존재하는 것을 확인하였다.

키워드 : Xe Pian , Xe Namnoy , Poropuntius속 , 고유종

This article has been cited by 0 article in crossref

Cited-By

Funding:

National Institute of Biological Resources
Ministry of Environment
NIBR201504201

INTRODUCTION

There are a great number of fish inhabiting Indochina in East Asia and it is reported that around 1,000 species of freshwater fish inhabit the region including the Mekong River (Kottelat, 2001; Kottelat and Whitten, 1996; Kottelat et al., 1993; Rainboth, 1996). As there are a number of tributaries in the upstream of Mekong River where the vast part is a mountainous area, several hydroelectric power plants are currently in operation and under construction to produce electricity.

The Bolaven Plateau is located in a volcano that erupted millions of years ago, in southern Laos and is crossed by two main rivers including many tributaries and has many big waterfalls. Elevation of this pleateau ranges approximately from 800 to 1,300m.

In addition, Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Hydropower Project has been established to construct a hydroelectric power plant in the Bolaven Plateau, where there are two rivers flowing in the Xe Kong, one of the tributaries of the Mekong River. Dams will be built in these two rivers, the Xe Pian and the Xe Nammoy as part of the Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Hydropower Project in the Bolaven Plateau. Although, both rivers flow in Xe Kong, they are two river systems divided by the waterfall.

In previous years, the fish inhabiting these two rivers of the Bolaven Plateau have been studied by Kottelat (2001), and the study on the impact of Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Hydropower Plant Project on fish has been conducted by Kottelat (2013).

The fish fauna on the Bolaven Plateau is characterized by the high endemic rate (Kottelat, 2013). However, some species is doubted to validity of species owing to intraspecific variation (Kottelat, 2001, 2013; Reberts, 1998). The present study aimed to provide the fish fauna and distribution data on the Bolaven Plateau, and discuss intraspecific trophic morphs in Poropuntius bolovenensis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1.Survey Periods and Sites

The survey was conducted in the mainstream and tributaries of Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy in order to investigate fish fauna during the period of 11th March to 1st April 2014. A total of twenty sites were selected in two river systems on the Bolaven Plateau (Figure 1). The survey was conducted in the upstream, main stream and tributaries of Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy. The survey sites and the name of rivers are listed in Table 1 as below.

2.Study Methods

A rangefinder and direct observation were used to investigate the river width, the water width, the structure of river bed, and other features of the surrounding environment. Additionally, a portable electronic temperature gauge was used to measure the water temperature. Fishes were captured by using the gill net (10×10 mm), casting net (6×6 mm), and skimming net (5×5 mm). And the collected fishes were preserved in 10% formalin with photos, counts and measurements undertaken.

In the majority of survey areas, observation via skin diving was conducted underwater to investigate behavior of fishes and the underwater environment factors while taking photos and filming using an underwater digital camera. In each survey site, over an hour was spent in an approximately 20-50 meter radius in the pool and rapid of the river to film and observe fish.

The identification of fish was determined based on the study of Rainboth (1996), Roberts (1998), Kottelat (2001; 2013), and the scientific name and the classification were determined by Kottelat (2001, 2013) and Nelson (2006). A dissecting microscope was used to count and vernier calipers were used for measuring the collected samples.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1.Physical Environment in Each Survey Area

The physical environment in each survey site describes Table 2 as below. The river bed structure of all sites is composed of bedrock was caused by volcano. However, the edge and flat water areas displayed boulders, pebbles, sand and mud.

2.Fish Fauna

A total of 8 families and 28 species of fish were identified in the mainstream and tributaries of Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy on the Bolaven Plateau (Table 3). In a further study to classify the fish species it was found that the most common taxon was Cyprinidae and Balitoridae as they had ten species respectively (35.7%) in the area, Channidae and Sistoridae followed by of two species respectively (7.1%), and lastly, Clariidae, Synbrachidae, Mastacembelidae and Anabantidae of one species (3.6%) respectively. Meanwhile, the seven species, Garra cyrano, Balitora annamitica, Schistura sp.1, Schistura sp.3, Schistura sp.4, Monopterus albus and Channa gachua were found only in Xe Pian river system, and the ten species such as Garra cambodgiensis, Mystacoleucus atridorsalis, Onychostoma meridionale, Opsarius pulchellus, Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus, Schistura tizardi, Glyptothorax macromaculatus, Macronathus sp., Channa striata, and Anabas testudineus were found only in Xe Namnoy river system.

Among the total of twenty eight species of fishes found in the survey sites, Devario salmonatus, Poropuntius bolovenensis, Annamia sp., Sewellia elongata, Schistura bolavenensis, Schistura sp.1, Schistura sp.2, Schistura sp.3, Schistura sp.4, and Macronathus sp. were identified as the endemic species in the Bolaven Plateau, revealing a rate of endemic species of 35.7% in the area. Glyptothorax macromaculatus and Macronathus sp. were first collected on the Bolaven Plateau.

Meanwhile, Kottelat (2013) have reported 63 fish species on the Bolaven Plateau and downstream under the plateau. Among them, 37 species have been collected on the Bolaven Plateau. In this study, we collected 28 species on the Bolaven Plateau and such findings show a few difference when compared to the study in 2013, which reported 37 species. It is caused by difference of collecting methods. Kottelat (2013) used more diverse, as batterypowered electric shocker and ichthyocides.

The fish species affected by the Xe Pian-Xe Namnoy Hydroelectric project in the impact areas (Dam sites) and non-impact areas of Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy, consisted of fifteen fish species that were found in three survey sites (St. 4, 5, 6) in the impact area of Xe Pian. In Xe Namnoy, fourteen species were found in four survey sites (St. 10, 13, 17) in the impact area (Table 4).

Kottelat (2013) argued Devario salmonatus, Poropuntius bolovenensis, Schistura sp.2, Schistura sp.3, Sewellia elongata are rated endangered fish species because of their small distribution ranges and most of which will be either flooded by the reservoirs. On the one hand, endemic fish species, including 5 species in the Bolaven Plateau were discovered in impact area of Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy in this study. However, they were also found in the non-impact area of Xe Pina and Xe Namnoy as there are a large number of tributaries.

After the dam construction, the places where the water fills will become reservoir and the existing lotic system will become lentic system. Within the dam, fish species that live in flat waters will be prosperous. Contrariwise, fishes in flow waters will be almost disappeared. Thus, continuous surveys will be needed to view the changes of fish fauna after the dam construction completion.

3.Trophic Polymorphism of Poropuntius bolovenensis

Poropuntius species on the Bolaven Plateau have two mouth shapes (Figure 2). One is broad mouth, and the other is narrow mouth. Thus, Poropuntius species were captured to investigate their morphological characteristics in this species. However, as the major characteristics of the Poropuntius spp. were shared between the species, we could not distinguish between each (Table 5).

Of the Poropuntius species, P. bolovenensis was first discovered in Xe Namnoy and reported as a new species by Roberts (1998). He insisted that P. bolovenensis was divided into 3 subspecies, despite they inhabit the same site without barriers. However, his claim was later challenged by Kottlelat (2000), who argued that the claim is violated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature; and thus the three species should be regarded as main species rather than subspecies. The three species were named as P. bolovenensis, P. lobocheiloides, P. consternans (Kottelat, 2000). Later, Kottlelat (2000) discovered one more species in Houay Makchan, the tributary in Xe Namnoy and was named as P. solitus. According to Kottelat (2013), there are five species of Poropuntius (P. bolovenensis, P. consternans, P. lobocheiloides, P. solitus, and P. sp.) inhabiting the Bolaven Plateau. In his later survey conducted on Hydroelectric Power Project Environmental Impact Assessment, however, he described that P. consternans is a variation of Poropuntius bolovenensis. In conclusion, Kottelat (2013) reported that there are three species of fish, P. bolovenensis, P. lobocheiloides, P. solitus in Xe Namnoy, and two species of fish, P. solitus and P. sp. in Xe Pian.

Meanwhile, Kottelat (2000, 2013) argued that Poropuntius species that inhabits the Bolaven Plateau can be clearly distinguished by their characteristics such as mouth shapes, lateral line scales, branched soft rays of dorsal fin, predorsal scales (Table 6).

During the survey it was found that Poropuntius species cannot be distinguished by lateral line scales, dorsal fin rays, predorsal scales and scales below lateral line due to the overlaps of these (Table 5). All of the young individuals less than 70 mm (SL) of Poropuntius species have narrow mouth shape of the generalized type on the Bolaven Plateau. However, the mouth shape of adult individuals was divided to two phenotype (Roberts, 1998; Kottelat, 2013; Present study). Thus, we interpret Poropuntius lobocheiloides, P. solitus and P. sp. are the same species as P. bolovenensis and the phenotypic variation of mouth parts is the intraspecific trophic polymorphism.

It seems that the difference of their mouth shapes are trophic morph types caused by their unique feeding habit (Kornfield and Taylor, 1983; Robinson and Parsons, 2002; Swanson et al., 2003; Whiteley, 2007). The feeding behavior of P. bolovenensis was observed under the water by skin diving during the dry season, April. The individuals of broad mouth type always graze on benthic algae on the surface of bedrock. On the other hand, the individuals of narrow mouth type mainly graze on algae but sometimes suck on drift organic particles in rapids (personal observation). Thus, trophic polymorphism relates to common resource use in same habit and is thought to be a possible step in speciation.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR201504201). The authors would like to thank the officials of PNPC (Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Company Limited) in Laos who provided great assistance and support for this research.

Figure

Figure 1..

Map showing the surveying sites of the fishes in the Bolaven Plateau, Laos (White circles: Xe Pian watershed, Black circles: Xe Namnoy watershed)

Figure 2..

Poropuntius bolovenensis (upper) in the Bolaven Plateau, Laos and two types of mouth shape (lower-left: narrow type, lower-right: broad type)

Table

Table 1..

The surveyed areas to investigate fish in the Bolaven Plateau , Laos

Sites	Location (WGS 84)	Elevation (m)	River Name

1	15°06'33.51"N 106°20'12.98"E	1,150	Xe Pian
2	15°04'47.92"N 106°23'45.69"E	1,034	Xe Pian
3	15°07'18.76"N 106°21'37.51"E	1,107	Houay Khao
4	15°02'46.32"N 106°30'19.20"E	749	Xe Pian
5	15°01'31.22"N 106°28'55.04"E	741	Houay Xay
6	15°01'53.90"N 106°29'16.36"E	713	Houay Lom
7	14°53'42.72"N 106°35'14.35"E	778	Houay Xoy
8	14°56'43.47"N 106°34'59.66"E	753	Houay Xoy
9	14°58'31.12"N 106°34'00.15"E	760	Houay Namkong
10	15°03'29.09"N 106°36'10.87"E	715	Xe Namnoy
11	15°09'13.37"N 106°26'14.82"E	804	Houay Makchan Gnai
12	15°05'34.53"N 106°31'26.95"E	814	Houay Makchan Gnai
13	15°04'12.19"N 106°32'33.45"E	782	Houay Makchan Gnai
14	15°05'18.55"N 106°34'45.24"E	732	Houay Namtang
15	15°05'11.24"N 106°35'11.18"E	705	Houay Namtang
16	15°05'04.62"N 106°35'27.23"E	705	Houay Namtang
17	15°04'53.53"N 106°35'45.97"E	565	Houay Namtang
18	15°07'16.81"N 106°37'41.15"E	495	Xe Katam
19	15°07'44.37"N 106°40'16.74"E	265	Xe Namnoy
20	15°07'35.75"N 106°40'20.76"E	273	Houay Ho

Table 2..

Stream structures of the surveyed areas, Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy, Laos

*B: Boulder (>256 mm), C: Cobble (64~256 mm), P: Pebble (16~64 mm), G: Gravel (2~16 mm), S: Sand (0.06~2 mm), Cummins (1962)

Sites	Depth (cm)	Width (m)	Major bottom materials (B : C : P : G : S)*

1	10-50	2-5	80 : 20 : 0 : 0 : 0
2	20-100	3-8	90 : 5 : 0 : 0 : 5
3	30-120	2-15	80 : 0 : 0 : 0: 20
4	50-180	4-10	95 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
5	10-60	2-8	97 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 3
6	30-60	2-5	60 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 40
7	10-30	2-10	95 : 0 : 5 : 0 : 0
8	30-50	2-10	95 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
9	10-30	2-6	95 : 0 : 5 : 0 : 0
10	30-150	10-20	95 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
11	20-100	5-10	95 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
12	10-50	5-10	95 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
13	30-150	5-10	70 : 0 : 30 : 0 : 0
14	20-80	5-10	50 : 0 : 50 : 0 : 0
15	20-200	5-10	95 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5
16	20-200	10-20	20 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 8
17	50-150	10-30	95 : 0 : 5 : 0 : 0
18	20-120	5-10	90 : 0 : 5 : 0 : 5
19	50-200	20-30	90 : 0 : 5 : 0 : 5
20	10-40	1-5	95 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 5

Table 3..

Number of species and individuals in river systems of the Xe Pian and the Xe Namnoy on March, 2014

Table 4..

The comparison of fish fauna in the impact area and non-impact area of Xe Pian and Xe Namnoy

*Imp.: Impact area, Non.: Non-impact area, Out.: Outside of survey watershed

**Endemic species on the Bolaven Plateau

Species	Xe	Pian	Xe	Namnoy	Out.*

Cyprinidae
Devario gibber	+	+	+	+	+
Devario salmonatus**	+	+	+	+
Garra cambodgiensis			+	+	+
Garra cyrano	+				+
Mystacoleucus atridorsalis			+		+
Onychostoma meridionale				+	+
Opsarius pulchellus			+	+	+
Poropuntius bolovenensis**	+	+	+	+
Rasbora paviana	+	+	+	+	+
Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus			+	+	+
Balitoridae
Annamia sp.**	+	+	+	+
Balitora annamitica	+				+
Sewellia elongata**	+	+	+	+
Schistura bolavenensis**	+	+	+	+
Schistura clatrata	+	+	+	+	+
Schistura sp.1**		+
Schistura sp.2**		+		+
Schistura sp.3**				+
Schistura sp.4**	+				+
Schistura tizardi				+	+
Sisoridae
Glyptothorax macromaculatus				+	+
Glyptothorax laosensis	+	+	+	+	+
Clariidae
Clarias meladerma	+			+	+
Synbranchidae
Monopterus albus	+				+
Mastacembelidae
Macronathus sp.**				+
Channidae
Channa gachua	+				+
Channa striata			+	+	+
Anabantidae
Anabas testudineus			+		+

Table 5..

Comparison of characteristics of Poropuntius bolovenensis inhabiting the Bolaven Plateau in this survey

*SL: Standard length, LLS: Lateral line scales, D. ray: Dorsal fin ray, Pred. S: Predorsal scales, LLS B: Scales below lateral line

River	Mouth types	SL* (mm)	LLS*	D. ray*	Pred. S*	LLS B*

Xe Namnoy	narrow	83.3~159.9 (n=15)	27~34	7~8	10~15	4~5
Xe Pian	narrow	78.8~221.2 (n=14)	27~33	7	12~14	5
Xe Namnoy	broad	106.5~134.2 (n=8)	32~36	8	11~15	5~6
Xe Pian	broad	107.7~166.3 (n=15)	30~33	7~8	12~14	4~5

Table 6..

Comparison of characteristics of Poropuntius spp. in the Bolaven Plateau (Kottelat, 2000; 2013)

*SL: Standard length, LLS: Lateral line scales, D. ray: Dorsal fin ray, Pred. S: Predorsal scales, LLS B: Scales below lateral line

Species	Mouth types	LLS*	D. ray*	Pred. S*	LLS B*

P. bolovenensis	narrow	30~32	8	11~12	4~5
P. consternans	unknown	32~33	7	13	6
P. solitus	narrow	29~32	7	11~12	4
P. lobocheiloides	broad	33~36	8	15~17	6
P. sp.	broad	30~31	7	13	5

Reference

Cummins KW (1962) An evolution of some techniques for the collection and analysis of benthic samples with special emphasis on lotic waters , The American Midland Naturalist, Vol.67 (2) ; pp.477-504
Kottelat M (2000) Diagnoses of a new genus and 64 new species of fishes from Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae, Bagridae, Syngnathidae, Chaudhuriidae and Tetraodontidae) , Journal of South Asian Natural History, Vol.5 ; pp.37-82
Kottelat M (2001) Fishes of Laos, Wildlife Heritage Trust, ; pp.198
Kottelat M (2013) Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Hydroelectric Power Project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) , Lao Consulting Group, ; pp.42
Kottelat M , Whitten T (1996) Freshwater biodiversity in Asia: with special reference to fish, World Bank Publications, Vol.343
Kottelat M , Whitten AJ , Kartikasari SN , Wirjoatmodjo S (1993) Freshwater Fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi, Periplus Editions, ; pp.259
Kornfield I , Taylor JN (1983) A new species of polymorphic fish, Cichlasoma minckleyi, from Cuatro Cienegas, Mexico (Teleostei: Cichlidae) , Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, Vol.96 ; pp.253-269
Nelson JS (2006) Fishes of the World, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, ; pp.601
Rainboth WJ (1996) Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, Food & Agriculture Org, ; pp.265
Roberts T R (1998) Review of the tropical Asian cyprinid fish genus Poropuntius, with descriptions of new species and trophic morphs , Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, Vol.46 ; pp.105-135
Roberts TR , Baird IG (1995) Rapid assessment of fish and fisheries for the Xe Nam Noy-Xe Pian hydroscheme in Southern Lao PDR , The Wildlife Conservation Society, Vientiane Lao PDR, ; pp.37
Robinson BW , Parsons KJ (2002) Changing times, spaces, and faces: tests and implications of adaptive morphological plasticity in the fishes of northern postglacial lakes , Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol.59 ; pp.1819-1833
Swanson BO , Gibb AC , Marks JC , Hendrickson DA (2003) Trophic polymorphism and behavioral differences decrease intraspecific competition in a Cichlid, Herichthys minckleyi , Ecology, Vol.84 (6) ; pp.1441-1446
Whiteley AR (2007) Trophic polymorhism in a riverine fish: morphological, dietary, and genetic analysis of mountain whitefish , Biological Journal of th Linnean Society, Vol.92 ; pp.253-267

Species	Xe	Pian	Xe	Namnoy	Out.*
Species	Imp.*	Non.*	Imp.	Non.	Out.*

Cyprinidae
Devario gibber	+	+	+	+	+
Devario salmonatus**	+	+	+	+
Garra cambodgiensis			+	+	+
Garra cyrano	+				+
Mystacoleucus atridorsalis			+		+
Onychostoma meridionale				+	+
Opsarius pulchellus			+	+	+
Poropuntius bolovenensis**	+	+	+	+
Rasbora paviana	+	+	+	+	+
Scaphiodonichthys acanthopterus			+	+	+
Balitoridae
Annamia sp.**	+	+	+	+
Balitora annamitica	+				+
Sewellia elongata**	+	+	+	+
Schistura bolavenensis**	+	+	+	+
Schistura clatrata	+	+	+	+	+
Schistura sp.1**		+
Schistura sp.2**		+		+
Schistura sp.3**				+
Schistura sp.4**	+				+
Schistura tizardi				+	+
Sisoridae
Glyptothorax macromaculatus				+	+
Glyptothorax laosensis	+	+	+	+	+
Clariidae
Clarias meladerma	+			+	+
Synbranchidae
Monopterus albus	+				+
Mastacembelidae
Macronathus sp.**				+
Channidae
Channa gachua	+				+
Channa striata			+	+	+
Anabantidae
Anabas testudineus			+		+