Transparent roadside noise barriers are widely installed for noise abatement and landscape enhancement, but their high reflectivity and transparency make them a major source of bird collisions. We compiled 3,638 collision records (3,686 individuals, 74 species) across Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea (2000–2023) from field surveys, NGO volunteers, and citizen-science databases to map collision patterns and diagnose spatial correlates. Resident forest-associated species—such as Oriental Turtle-dove (Streptopelia orientalis), Azure-winged Magpie (Cyanopica cyanus), and Brown-eared Bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis)—were most frequently affected, with collisions peaking in winter. Regardless of collision status, urban and grassland cover increased sharply within ~80 m of barriers. A MaxEnt model (AUC = 0.921) identified distance to forest as the strongest predictor, with risk concentrated in lowland ecotones at forest–agriculture and forest–urban boundaries. These results indicate that collision risk reflects not only barrier design but also surrounding spatial configuration and topography. We recommend bird-safe design at the planning stage for new barriers and sustained citizen-science monitoring to prioritize mitigation in high-risk areas.