Amphibians and reptiles, important components for maintaining the stability of island ecosystems, have been used as key target taxa for island biological research. This study identified the amphibians and reptiles' fauna and distributional characteristics on Korean islands from 2021 to 2024. As a result, the distribution and species list of 27 species of amphibians and reptiles in 4 orders, 12 families, and 21 genera was established on 50 islands, including 23 unexplored islands. The list confirmed the distribution of 4 endangered species in the National Red List (Threatened Categories) and 2 invasive alien species.. The island area was confirmed to be more influential on diversity than distance from the mainland and showed a positive correlation with both amphibians and reptiles. Distance from the mainland showed a negative correlation with amphibian diversity, but not a statistically significant correlation with reptiles. This study's findings are expected to provide basic data for the conservation of island biological resources by updating the current status of amphibian and reptile distribution in Korean islands and identifying the relationship between physical environmental factors and biodiversity of the islands.