This study analyzed the vegetation structure of the Pagyesa Temple forest that is located within the Palgongsan National Park, which was designated as the 23rd national park in Korea. This analysis aimed to provide fundamental data for the establishment of conservation and management plans and to contribute to the development of sustainable protection and systematic management strategies. The Pagyesa Temple forest is classified as a Cultural Heritage District within the park and is a region of high conservation value because of the presence of numerous national heritage sites. In this study, 44 plots were established to evaluate the plant community structure. Based on Two-Way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended correlation analysis, the vegetation was classified into five communities, namely the Pinus densiflora community (Ⅰ), Quercus serrata–Quercus variabilis community (Ⅱ), Quercus variabilis–Carpinus laxiflora community (Ⅲ), and Zelkova serrata–Acer pictum subsp. mono community (Ⅳ), and Quercus serrata community (Ⅴ). Furthermore, these were grouped into conifer-dominated communities (Ⅰ) and broad-leaved deciduous communities (Ⅱ–Ⅴ). The results indicated that broad-leaved deciduous communities were predominantly distributed in valley areas. In addition, given that vegetation research in Palgongsan National Park remains insufficient, continuous studies are required to establish vegetation databases and long-term monitoring of vegetation dynamics.