The Ulleungdo Forest Genetic Resource Protection Area serves as a critical refugium for endemic species and a unique insular ecosystem. However, systematic monitoring and management frameworks are becoming increasingly essential in response to ongoing environmental shifts. By integrating analyses of vegetation structure, community classification, and environmental relationships across 45 survey plots, this study aimed to characterize the ecological features and management implications of the protected area. Phytosociological surveys classified the vegetation into five distinct communities, with Non-metric Multi-Dimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis confirming clear distinctions in species composition among them. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) indicated that environmental factors, including elevation, slope, soil and rock exposure, and microtopography, significantly influenced community distribution. While species diversity was relatively low in high-elevation Fagus-dominated communities, it was higher in mixed deciduous forests, such as the Acer mono-Cornus controversa community. Analysis of the existing vegetation map confirmed the dominance of Fagus forests, which occupy 81.09% of the study area, even as the area of deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests, including those dominated by Acer mono, continues to expand. On steep, low-elevation slopes-particularly on west- and northwest-facing aspects-coniferous forests including Pinus parviflora and Tsuga ulleungensis were locally distributed. These findings provide a scientific foundation for communityspecific management and long-term monitoring strategies within the Ulleungdo Forest Genetic Resource Protection Area.