Climate change and habitat loss have heightened the importance of biodiversity and ecosystem services, leading to the adoption of a global target to protect at least 30% of terrestrial and marine areas under the Kunming –Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) in 2022. Forest genetic resource reserves—core areas for forest biodiversity conservation—have gained increased significance. Google Earth Engine (GEE) has emerged as a valuable tool for ecosystem monitoring using remote sensing data. This study quantitatively evaluated vegetation vitality within forest genetic resource reserves by analyzing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) through GEE. Results revealed that forest genetic resource reserves exhibit generally high vegetation vitality, comparable to that of national parks. No significant differences were observed between most type pairs, suggesting that all types maintain similar levels of vegetation vitality. Site-level analysis showed fluctuations in rankings attributable to weather and other environmental factors; however, cases such as Nambu-Yeongju-0001 demonstrated the potential to detect forest disturbance. Furthermore, buffer zone analysis revealed that NDVI values declined with increasing distance from reserve boundaries, indicating that reserve designation contributes to maintaining vegetation vitality. Future research should incorporate Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) analysis and long-term land-cover-based time-series monitoring to enhance precision. This study provides quantitative evidence of the ecological value of forest genetic resource reserves, confirms the significance of their conservation, and offers a basis for prioritizing field assessments and restoration in areas with low NDVI. The findings can serve as foundational data to support long-term management and conservation strategies for forest genetic resource reserves.